> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.notional.finance/v3-technical-docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.notional.finance/v3-technical-docs/contract-interaction-guides/trading-guide.md).

# Trading guide

In this section we will cover how one can:

* Deposit 
* Lend at the Prime Variable Rate
* Borrow at the Prime Borrow Rate
* Buy fCash (Lend Fixed)
* Sell fCash (Borrow Fixed)
* Mint nTokens (Provide Liquidity)
* Redeem nTokens (Redeem Liquidity)
* Enter a leveraged vault
* Exit a leveraged vault

We will also explore how to submit multiple actions in one trade and how to set slippage limits when trading fCash. 

## Helper functions

Here are some helper functions that can be useful when interacting with Notional balance and trading functions:

```
from eth_abi.packed import encode_abi_packed

DEPOSIT_ACTION_TYPE = {
    "None": 0,
    "DepositAsset": 1,
    "DepositUnderlying": 2,
    "DepositAssetAndMintNToken": 3,
    "DepositUnderlyingAndMintNToken": 4,
    "RedeemNToken": 5,
    "ConvertCashToNToken": 6,
}

TRADE_ACTION_TYPE = {
    "Lend": 0,
    "Borrow": 1,
    "AddLiquidity": 2,
    "RemoveLiquidity": 3,
    "PurchaseNTokenResidual": 4,
    "SettleCashDebt": 5,
}

def get_balance_action(currencyId, depositActionType, **kwargs):
    depositActionAmount = (
        0 if "depositActionAmount" not in kwargs else kwargs["depositActionAmount"]
    )
    withdrawAmountInternalPrecision = (
        0
        if "withdrawAmountInternalPrecision" not in kwargs
        else kwargs["withdrawAmountInternalPrecision"]
    )
    withdrawEntireCashBalance = (
        False if "withdrawEntireCashBalance" not in kwargs else kwargs["withdrawEntireCashBalance"]
    )
    redeemToUnderlying = (
        True if "redeemToUnderlying" not in kwargs else kwargs["redeemToUnderlying"]
    )

    return (
        DEPOSIT_ACTION_TYPE[depositActionType],
        currencyId,
        int(depositActionAmount),
        int(withdrawAmountInternalPrecision),
        withdrawEntireCashBalance,
        redeemToUnderlying,
    )


def get_balance_trade_action(currencyId, depositActionType, tradeActionData, **kwargs):
    tradeActions = [get_trade_action(**t) for t in tradeActionData]
    balanceAction = list(get_balance_action(currencyId, depositActionType, **kwargs))
    balanceAction.append(tradeActions)
    return tuple(balanceAction)


def get_lend_action(currencyId, tradeActionData, depositUnderlying):
    tradeActions = [get_trade_action(**t) for t in tradeActionData]
    return (currencyId, depositUnderlying, tradeActions)


def get_trade_action(**kwargs):
    tradeActionType = kwargs["tradeActionType"]

    if tradeActionType == "Lend":
        return encode_abi_packed(
            ["uint8", "uint8", "uint88", "uint32", "uint120"],
            [
                TRADE_ACTION_TYPE[tradeActionType],
                kwargs["marketIndex"],
                int(kwargs["notional"]),
                int(kwargs["minSlippage"]),
                0,
            ],
        )
    elif tradeActionType == "Borrow":
        return encode_abi_packed(
            ["uint8", "uint8", "uint88", "uint32", "uint120"],
            [
                TRADE_ACTION_TYPE[tradeActionType],
                kwargs["marketIndex"],
                int(kwargs["notional"]),
                int(kwargs["maxSlippage"]),
                0,
            ],
        )
    elif tradeActionType == "AddLiquidity":
        return encode_abi_packed(
            ["uint8", "uint8", "uint88", "uint32", "uint32", "uint88"],
            [
                TRADE_ACTION_TYPE[tradeActionType],
                kwargs["marketIndex"],
                int(kwargs["notional"]),
                int(kwargs["minSlippage"]),
                int(kwargs["maxSlippage"]),
                0,
            ],
        )
    elif tradeActionType == "RemoveLiquidity":
        return encode_abi_packed(
            ["uint8", "uint8", "uint88", "uint32", "uint32", "uint88"],
            [
                TRADE_ACTION_TYPE[tradeActionType],
                kwargs["marketIndex"],
                int(kwargs["notional"]),
                int(kwargs["minSlippage"]),
                int(kwargs["maxSlippage"]),
                0,
            ],
        )
    elif tradeActionType == "PurchaseNTokenResidual":
        return encode_abi_packed(
            ["uint8", "uint32", "int88", "uint128"],
            [
                TRADE_ACTION_TYPE[tradeActionType],
                kwargs["maturity"],
                int(kwargs["fCashAmountToPurchase"]),
                0,
            ],
        )
    elif tradeActionType == "SettleCashDebt":
        return encode_abi_packed(
            ["uint8", "address", "uint88"],
            [
                TRADE_ACTION_TYPE[tradeActionType],
                kwargs["counterparty"],
                int(kwargs["amountToSettle"]),
            ],
        )


```